Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia merupakan kumpulan artikel yang telah disetujui dan telah di seminarkan pada Seminar Nasional Kimia Tahunan di Kalimantan Timur
Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman
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PENGEMBANGAN KOMPOSIT ZIF-8 DENGAN LOGAM OKSIDA
This review article discusses the effectiveness of composite synthesis methods for ZIF-8 with metal oxides and their applications in various fields. ZIF-8 is a popular metal-organic framework due to its stability; however, it has limitations, such as low conductivity, limited catalytic activity, and poor recyclability. To address these issues, various methods for synthesizing ZIF-8-metal oxide composites have been developed in recent years. These composites demonstrate significant potential to enhance performance in applications like photocatalysis and energy storage, as metal oxide-based materials can provide higher energy density and improved conductivity. This review presents a recent comparison of different synthesis methods to provide further insights into developing these materials for industrial applications. Keywords : Metal Oxide, ZIF-8, ZIF-8 Composite Synthesis
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN BALAKACIDA (Chromolaena odorata L.)
This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and toxicity and antioxidants in Balakacida leaf (Chromolaena odorata L.). The dried Balakacida (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf samples were extracted through maceration process using 96% ethanol solvent and the maceration filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. Furthermore, the crude extract obtained was carried out phytochemical testing, toxicity test with BSLT method and antioxidant test with DPPH method. Phytochemical results of crude extracts of Balakacida leaf isolates (Chromolaena odorata L.) are positive for alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and quinones. The results of the BSLT method toxicity test obtained an LC50 value of 42.77 ppm which indicates a very strong level of toxicity. The results of the antioxidant test obtained the actual IC50 value of 31.226 ppm indicate that the Balakacida leaf isolate (Chromolaena odorata L.) has very high antioxidant activity. Based on the results of the antioxidant test, Balakacida leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) have potential as an antioxidant plant. Keywords : Antioxidant, Balakacida, Toxicity, Chromolaena odorata L
UJI FITOKIMIA, TOKSISITAS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona Muricata L.)
Sirsdak (Annona muricata L.), is a plant whose fruit is edible and the leaves and fruit have been used by the community as traditional medicine. This study aims to test the chemical content, toxicity, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.). Phytochemical tests were carried out to identify bioactive compounds contained in the extract, while toxicity tests used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method to determine toxic potential. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to measure the ability to scavenge free radicals. The results showed that the ethanol extract of soursop leaves contained steroid, saponin and quinone compounds, had significant toxicity potential with an LC50 value of 31.19 ppm, and showed weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 111.27 mg/L Keywords : Soursop Leaves., Phytochemical Analysis Antioxidant and Toxicit.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Hasil Fermentasi Bakteri Endofit Umbi Talas (Colocasia esculenta L.) terhadap Bakteri: MINI REVIEW
Antibacterial agents are substances used to eliminate microorganisms, especially those harmful to humans. These antibacterial compounds can be directly extracted from plants, where the extracts contain secondary metabolite compounds with antibacterial activity. The antibacterial testing is conducted on gram-positive bacteria, such as Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, and others. The research method employed is a literature review of 10 national and international articles published within the last 10 years. The cited articles focus on studies of plants with potential as antibacterial agents against several gram-positive bacteria, including the extraction solvents used, the metabolite compounds present in the extracts, and their effectiveness based on the inhibition zone diameter and/or minimum inhibitory concentration using the disc diffusion method. Keywords : Antibacterial, Diffusion Discs, Gram Positive, Secondary Metabolites
MINI REVIEW : PENGARUH KONSENTRASI BIOETANOL PADA PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI GAS
Fermentation has been used by traditional societies as far back as 6000 AD involving microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria that can convert carbohydrates into alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process is essential for the production of bioethanol produced from agricultural residues. Fermentation testing can be done using raw materials such as tubers, sticky rice, sago, water hyacinth and cassava to produce bioethanol as an alternative renewable energy. Methods This research utilizes 8 articles from national and international literature studies in the last 10 years that focus on the fermentation process to produce bioethanol. Research and development of efficient fermentation techniques is urgently needed to increase the yield and sustainability of bioethanol production, thus becoming an environmentally friendly solution in meeting global energy needs. Keywords : Bioethanol, Fermentation, microorganisms
Review Artikel: Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman Terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif
Antibacterials are compounds used to eradicate microbes, especially microbes that harm humans. These antibacterial compounds can be extracted directly from plants, where these extracts contain secondary metabolite compounds that have antibacterial activity. Antibacterial testing is carried out on gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and others. The method used in this research was a literature study of 10 national and international articles published in the last 10 years. The articles cited focus on research articles on plants that have the potential as antibacterials of several gram-positive bacteria which include extract solvents, metabolite compound content in extracts and their activity capabilities based on the diameter value of the inhibition zone and/or minimum inhibitory concentration using the disc diffusion method. Keywords : Antibacterial, Diffusion Discs, Gram Positive, Secondary Metabolites
REVIEW ARTIKEL: PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN SELEKTIF ION TIPE KAWAT TERLAPIS
Industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly, causing an increase in waste including heavy metals and dyes that pollute waters. A method that can be used to detect these contaminants is the Coated Wire Type Ion Selective Electrode (ISE). ISE is an electrochemical sensor that is sensitive to ion activity, characterized by reversible potential changes. This method has the advantages of low cost, simple tools, and high selectivity. This study aims to compare membrane compositions to obtain optimal analytical results and examine electrode characteristics such as the price of the Nernst factor, linear concentration range, detection limit, response time, and life time. The results showed that variations in membrane composition affected electrode sensitivity and stability. This research is important for developing more efficient ISE for detecting heavy metals and dyes in polluted environments. Keywords : Ion Selective Electrode, Wire Coated, Potentiometry
LITERATUR REVIEW: PENGARUH INJEKSI INTRACEREBROVENTRIKULAR STREPTOZOTOCIN PADA OTAK MENCIT SEBAGAI KANDIDAT HEWAN MODEL ALZHEIMER
Background: Animal models of Alzheimer's have now been developed in various studies to become potential animal models suitable for clinical conditions. Alzheimer's in clinical conditions is characterized by Amyloid βeta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tangles of neurofibrillary tangles as well as disorders of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the hippocampus. Rodents used include rats and mice. Mice are used because they are efficient and parts of the brain can be penetrated with a needle without requiring surgery. Objectives: Appropriate toxicant induction is needed so that the process of developing Alzheimer's pathology is known, namely the use of Streptozotocin. Intracerebroventricular induction of strepzotocin in mice needs to be further understood. Material and Methods: The research method uses literature review with identification, screening, evaluation and interpretation of all research results collected through online search engines such as; Sciencedirect, Pubmed, GoogleScholar with keywords and meet the inclusion criteria Results: The results of the synthesis obtained selected data from 8 articles. ICV-STZ has been proven from various studies to induce Alzheimer's pathology in both young and old male mice through neuroinflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, increasing Aβ expression and hyperphosphorylation of Tau as Alzheimer's markers which are similar to clinical patients. Keywords : Alzheimer, Hewan model, Literatur review, Mencit, Streptozotocin.
MINI REVIEW: SINTESIS NANOKOMPOSIT TiO2/Fe3O4 DAN PENGGUNAANNYA SEBAGAI FOTOKATALIS
Mini Review on Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts aims to compare the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites in the process of dye degradation. TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites are used because they have good photocatalytic activity properties in the process of dye photocatalysis. Based on existing literature, TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be synthesized using several methods such as sol-gel, impregnation, precipitation and coprecipitation. Then applied to the degradation of dyes by considering time, type of light, dye concentration and catalyst. So, this article reviews the latest developments in TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites, especially in photocatalysts of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes by looking at the concentration of TiO2/Fe3O4 used. Keywords : Photocatalysis, Fe3O4 Magnetite, Nanocomposites, TiO2.
MINI REVIEW: SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL ALUMINIUM OKSIDA (Al2O3) DENGAN METODE PRESIPITASI
This review article aims to compare and analyze the latest research on the synthesis and characterization of aluminum oxide nanoparticles from inorganic waste. Aluminum Oxide (Alumina, Al2O3) is a compound formed from aluminum and oxygen. The nature of Al2O3 is resistant to corrosion. Based on a literature review, the synthesis of aluminum oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized by precipitation methods, sol-gel methods, electrolysis methods, green synthesis methods, sonochemical methods and others. The precipitation method is a method used to produce a powder that has advantages including homogeneous mixing that occurs from a reactant precipitate reduces the reaction temperature and the process of this method to synthesize metal oxide powder is very simple. This method has several disadvantages such as not being able to run well when using reactants that have different solubilities, this process is not appropriate for the manufacture of materials with a high level of purity, in addition this method does not have common synthesis conditions in the formation of several metal oxides. In this review, we will discuss the synthesis of Al2O3 nanoparticles characterization results using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Therefore, this mini review reviews the development of Al2O3 characterization synthesis with precipitation method. Keywords : Synthesis, Al2O3, nanoparticles, Precipitation
MINI REVIEW : SINTESIS KOMPOSIT Fe3O4/ARANG AKTIF SEBAGAI MEDIA ADSORPSI
Mini review of Fe3O4/activated carbon composite synthesis as adsorption media. The purpose of this mini review is to optimize adsorption efficiency through variations of different types of activated carbon. The Fe3O4/activated carbon composite is used as adsorption media due to its high adsorption capacity, and the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 facilitate the separation of the composite from the solution after the adsorption process. Based on a literature review, the Fe3O4/activated carbon composite can be synthesized using the co-precipitation method, and characterization is performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Therefore, this article reviews recent developments regarding the Fe3O4/activated carbon composite as an adsorption medium for dye wastewater. Keywords : Fe3O4, activated carbon, composite, adsorption.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA, UJI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINTARO (Cerbera manghas) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
The purpose of this study was to determine the results of phytochemical tests of bintaro leaf ethanol extract and to determine the results of antioxidant tests using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method with a concentration variation of 100; 80; 60; 40; and 20 ppm obtained from bintaro leaf ethanol extract by testing its toxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of bintaro leaves (Cerbera manghas) contains steroid compounds, saponins, and quinones. Furthermore, the IC50 value of the ethanol extract of bintaro leaves (C. manghas) was 41.68 ppm with a very strong category and the results of the toxicity test obtained the LC50 value of the ethanol extract of bintaro leaves (C. manghas) of 30.44 ppm with a very toxic category. An extract with an LC50 value ≤ 30 ppm has the potential as an anticancer drug candidate because of the correlation between the level of toxicity and anticancer activity so that these results can be concluded that the ethanol extract of bintaro leaves (C. manghas) has the potential to have bioactivity because it is toxic to Artemia salina L. shrimp larvae. Keywords: Antioxidant, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Bintaro Leaves, Phytochemical Test
REVIEW ARTIKEL : ANALISIS KADAR SULFAT, pH, DAN OKSIGEN TERLARUT (DO) SERTA KONDUKTIVITAS SEBAGAI PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR MINUM
Drinking water quality is critical to public health. This article reviews studies that evaluated sulfate, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels as key parameters in determining drinking water quality. Various water sources, such as tap water, wells, and bottled water, were analyzed in several studies. Sulfate was measured using the spectrophotometric method with BaCl2 reagent and absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 420 nm, while pH used a digital pH meter, conductivity was measured with a conductometer, and DO was measured with the Winkler method. The results showed significant variations in sulfate and dissolved oxygen levels between water sources. Some samples had pH that was below the standard, while sulfate levels in some samples were close to the maximum limit allowed by Permenkes No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 (250 mg/L) and Permenkes No. 32/2017 (400 mg/L). DO proved to be the most sensitive parameter in detecting changes in water quality, followed by pH, and conductivity plays an important role in assessing drinking water quality as it provides an early indication of the concentration of dissolved ions that could indicate contamination, while sulfate is more effective in detecting certain contamination. The combination of these four parameters is important to ensure safe drinking water. This article is expected to guide research and assist water providers in maintaining drinking water quality standards. Keywords : Conduktivity, Drinking Water Quality, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH , Sulfate
REVIEW ARTIKEL: BEBERAPA METODE MIKROENKAPSULASI ADSORBEN BERBASIS ALGINAT DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK MENGHILANGKAN ION LOGAM DALAM LARUTAN BERAIR
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide consisting of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid connected via glycosidic bonds. Alginate has properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and reports in nature that make it attractive as a base material in microencapsulation applications. Microencapsulation is a technology used to coat active ingredients in small particles with the aim of increasing stability, solubility, and controlling the release of active substances. This article aims to review research results related to various methods of alginate microencapsulation as an adsorbent taken from several scientific articles. This literature review shows that encapsulation methods are divided into two categories, namely physical and chemical methods as well as several technologies such as coacervation, spray drying, extrusion, freeze drying and layer-by-layer coating. Alginate-based adsorbents, especially modified ones, show a better capacity to absorb heavy metals than pure alginate with adsorption capacities ranging from 0,025 mg/g to 416,67 mg/g. The adsorption efficiency is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and external conditions such as pH and metal ion concentration. With its various advantages, alginate-based microencapsulation has great potential for application in various industrial fields, especially in air purification, pharmaceuticals and nutrition. Keywords : Alginate, Microencapsulation, Adsorbent, Metal
A MINI REVIEW: SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOKOMPOSIT Fe3O4/ZnO SERTA APLIKASINYA
The Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposites have an interesting combination due to their constituent composition. Fe3O4 is a ferromagnetic material that can react with magnetic fields, while ZnO is a semiconductor material that has a large band gap and strong photocatalytic properties. This article aims to analyze research on Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites and their applications. Based on several articles, Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites can be made using several methods including sonochemical, co-presipitasi, sol-gel, hydrothermal, ultrasonication, solid-state, layer-by-layer self assembly and poliol methods. Characterization can be done using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) instruments. The Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposites can be used as photocatalysts for dyes, antibiotics and p-nitrophenol. The ability of Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites in photocatalysis can vary depending on several factors such as pH, contact time, concentration of Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites or degraded substances, etc. In addition, Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposites can also act as antibacterial agents that have quite good activity on several bacteria, namely Eschericia coli. (-), Bacilis subtilis. (+) and Staphylococcus aureus. (+). Keywords : Application, Nanocomposite, Synthesis
MINI-REVIEW: VARIASI AGEN DEPROTONASI DALAM SINTESIS ZIF-8 DAN APLIKASINYA
Mini-review this discusses recent studies related to the synthesis of ZIF-8 with variations of deprotonation agents and their applications. ZIF-8 with the molecular formula C8H12N4Zn is generally synthesized from Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (zinc nitrate hexahydrate) or other metal salts as a central metal source bonded to C4H6N2 (2-methylimidazole) as an organic compound and water as a solvent. In recent years, research on ZIF-8 has continued to grow with various modifications made by researchers. The synthesis process generally involves the use of expensive and flammable organic solvents in the synthesis medium and results in harmful effects to the environment due to its toxic nature. This raises urgency in ZIF-8 synthesis innovation, one of which is with a green synthesis method using water-based solvents. In the synthesis of ZIF-8, deprotonation agents such as NH4OH, TEA, NAOH and others are often used. The use of this deprotonation agent allows the formation of ZIF-8 with good crystal size, surface area, pore volume and % yield from ZIF-8 produced both synthetic ZIF-8 can be used in various fields such as antibiotic adsorption, catalysts, and separation. Keywords : synthesis, deprotonation, ZIF-8, antibiotic
Ekstraksi dan Isolasi Bahan Alam Secara Klasik dan Modern
Extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds from natural materials is an important process in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and biotechnology industries. This process aims to obtain active compounds from plants, microorganisms, or animals for various applications. Classical extraction has been used for years, while modern methods have developed along with technological advances. This paper discusses the differences between classical and modern methods in the extraction and isolation of natural materials, including techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and fundamental differences between the two. Understanding these methods is important to improve efficiency and sustainability in the process of isolating bioactive compounds. Keywords: Extraction, isolation, natural materials, classical methods, modern methods, bioactive compounds.
REVIEW ARTIKEL: ANALISIS pH, KONDUKTIVITAS, DAN OKSIGEN TERLARUT PADA AIR SERTA KADAR LOGAM BESI MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
A literature review on the analysis of conductivity, ph and Dissolved Oxygen parameters and the application of uv-vis spectrophotometry in measuring iron metal levels in water was conducted. This literature review reviewed several studies related to water quality analysis with several parameters and measurement of total iron levels. Commonly used parameters include pH, conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and iron metal levels. Measurements are made with tools such as pH meters, conductivity meters, DO meters, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry for iron metal levels. The use of UV-Vis spectrophotometry as a detection method was chosen due to its accuracy in quantitative analysis and its ability to identify dissolved metal species non-destructively. The results showed significant variations in these parameters at various locations. Some of these parameters did not meet the recommended water quality standards. The iron metal concentration data obtained showed variations in values depending on the type of complexant used in each sample. The main factors of concern are heavy metal contamination, especially iron, as well as low Dissolved Oxygen levels. The importance of regular water quality monitoring and better management is emphasized to maintain environmental balance and public health. Keywords : Water quality, Dissolved oxygen, Conductivity, pH, Iron.
IDENTIFIKASI FITOKIMIA, UJI TOKSISITAS DAN UJI ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TANJUNG (Mimusops elengi L.)
Tanjung Leaf (Mimusops elengi L.) is a type of plant that originates from India, but its habitat has spread throughout Indonesia. Tanjung leaves are traditionally used by the community to treat various diseases such as ulcers, worms, fever, inflammation and cancer so research on this plant is very interesting to study and analyze regarding its chemical compound content. The aim of this research was to determine the secondary metabolite content contained in Tanjung Leaves, measure the level of toxicity and antioxidant level of the ethanol extract of Tanjung Leaves (Mimusops elengi L.). The methods used in this research were extraction, phytochemical test, toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, and antioxidant activity test using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results of phytochemical tests show that the ethanol extract of Tanjung Leaves (Mimusops elengi L.) contains alkaloids, triterpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins and quinones. Based on the results of the toxicity test, it shows that the ethanol extract of Daun Tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.) has a toxicity level of 80.0571 ppm in the toxic category (<1000 ppm) so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Daun Tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.) has bioactivity because is toxic to Artemia salina L. shrimp larvae. Furthermore, based on antioxidant activity tests, it shows that the ethanol extract of Tanjung Leaves (Mimusops elengi L.) has an IC50 value of 11.02 ppm in the very strong category (<50 ppm). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Tanjung Leaves (Mimusops elengi L.) has antioxidant properties in warding off free radicals. Keywords: Antioxidants, Phytochemicals, Secondary Metabolites, Tanjung Leaves, Toxicity
REVIEW ARTICLE: PEMANFAATAN MIKROKAPSUL ALGINAT SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ION LOGAM
A review article has been carried out on the use of alginate microcapsules as metal adsorbents. From the review of this article, it was found that metal pollution would harm the environment, so alginate microcapsules were made which have a carboxylic acid group, namely carboxyl which is able to bind with a metal. The metals that are adsorbed are Cd2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Cr6+, Ni2+. The microcapsules reviewed in this article include Ca-Alginate-EDTA Microcapsules, Magnetite-Alginate Microcapsules (MNPs-ALG), Alginate and Alginate/ Montmorillonite Films, polyvinyl alcohol-Na-alginate Microcapsules, Ca-alginate-DMG. The aim of modifying alginate microcapsules is to increase the metal absorption capacity, metal absorption recovery and surface area of ​​each adsorbent. The way alginate microcapsules work is by exchanging unstable ions and the flow and stirring speed will affect the shape and size of the microcapsules. Slow stirring will produce microcapsules with a larger particle size because during the stirring process large droplets are formed. The absorption results obtained ranged from 84-119% and the adsorption capacity was 0.0301 - 185.95 mg/g. Keywords : Adsorption, Alginate, Metal Ions, Microcapsule
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FLIPPED BERBANTUAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI HUKUM DASAR KIMIA
Students' lack of activity in participating in chemistry learning due to learning models that are used too often and lack of variety by teachers causes students to feel bored during learning, resulting in low student learning outcomes. The type of research used was quantitative experimental research, namely quasi-experimental design. Samples were taken by purposive sampling consisting of class X-4 (experimental class) and class X-2 (control class), with a total of 72 students. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation and tests. The data was analyzed using a parametric test, namely the independent sample t-test showing a sig value. 0.00 < 0.05, then HO is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is an influence of the flipped learning model assisted by Google Classroom on student learning outcomes in basic chemical law material. Keywords : Flipped Classroom, Google Classroom, student learning outcomes
SKRINING FITOKIMIA, UJI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN UJI TOKSISISTAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH HUTAN (Piper aduncum L.) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
Piper aduncum L. or better known as Sirih hutan (Indonesia) has been utilized by the community as a traditional medicine. Forest sirih leaves are commonly used in wound healing, facilitating digestion, as an antiseptic to beauty products. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct phytochemical screening, antioxidant testing and toxicity testing of secondary metabolite compounds of sirih hutan leaves. On the extract of Piper aduncum L. leaves, phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained, toxicity testing using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and antioxidant activity testing using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Based on the results of phytochemical tests, the secondary metabolite compounds obtained were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and quinones. The BSLT test of the ethanol extract of Piper aduncum leaves showed an LC50 value of 2,857.6 ppm, indicating that forest betel leaves (Piper aduncum L.) do not have toxic activity and have very significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.977 ppm. Keywords: Antioxidants, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Sirih hutan, Phytochemical Test
Pemanfaatan Smartphone Based Colorimetry Dalam Pengukuran Degradasi Metilen Biru Dengan Fotokatalitik CaO
Water pollution caused by textile industry waste, especially methylene blue, is a problem for the environment that needs to be addressed. Photocatalysis using calcium oxide (CaO) is one of the effective and environmentally friendly methods in degrading methylene blue. This study aims to determine the effect of CaO catalyst mass and pH on the rate of methylene blue degradation using smartphone-based colorimetry. This study was conducted by varying the mass of CaO 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 37.5 mg and 50 mg and pH variations of 7, 8, 9, and 10 in a 10 mg/L methylene blue solution. Degradation was carried out with visible light from a 100 W incandescent lamp. The concentration of methylene blue was measured using smartphone-based colorimetry. The results showed that contact time and CaO mass had a significant effect on the rate of methylene blue degradation. The optimum mass of photocatalysis was 50 mg and the optimum pH was 7. Keywords : Methylene Blue, CaO, Photocatalysis, Smartphone-based colorimetry
MINI REVIEW: ADSORPSI NANOPARTIKEL ALUMINIUM OKSIDA (Al2O3) TERHADAP ZAT WARNA ORGANIK SINTETIK
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles are a strong and versatile material with good mechanical strength, large specific surface area, and high adsorption capacity, making it very favorable for adsorption processes. In addition, aluminum oxide is non-toxic, easy to use, and has good chemical stability. The presence of many hydroxide groups on Al2O3 nanoparticles increases their ability as adsorbents. Therefore, aluminum oxide has attracted widespread attention in the removal of pollutants from the environment, such as heavy metals, pigments, dissolved organic materials, antibiotics, and dyes. This mini review examines the latest developments regarding the use of Al2O3 nanoparticles as adsorbents for synthetic organic dyes, both cationic and anionic, such as Methylene Blue, Orange G, Acid Orange 7, and Eriochrom Black T. The discussion focuses on the efficiency and potential applications of Al2O3 nanoparticles in dye adsorption. Keywords: Adsorption, Al2O3 Nanoparticles, Dyes
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI BUNGA KERTAS (Bougainvillea glabra): REVIEW ARTIKEL
Herbal or medicinal plants contain many diverse phytochemical compounds and provide various biological effects. One of them is Bougainvillea glabra which is often used in traditional medicine in various countries due to the plant has bioactive compounds, one of which is antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Bougainvillea glabra. The methodology used was a literature study using several scientific articles about antibacterial activity published in the last ten years and published in national and international scientific journals as library sources through searches on Google Scholar site. The results showed that Bougainvillea glabra had inhibitory activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus, but it had not inhibitory activity against the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Keywords : Bougainvillea glabra, bioactive, antibacterial
BEBERAPA JENIS METABOLIT SEKUNDER YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI ANTI KANKER : A MINI REVIEW
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, including in Indonesia. This review explores the potential of various plants as sources of anticancer compounds through secondary metabolite analysis. Plants such as Rosa damascena, Wild Onion (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc), and Acalypha Indica have been studied for anticancer activity using in vitro methods. The results showed that extracts from Rosa damascena had varying IC50 values ​​against various types of cancer cells, including 16.28 μg/mL in liver cancer cells (HepG-2) and 18.09 μg/mL in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). In addition, Wild Onion showed very strong anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 1.1061 μg/mL in L1210 leukemia cells. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins were identified as key components contributing to the anticancer effects. These findings highlight the importance of further research to develop more effective and safe plant-based cancer therapies. Keyword: Anticancer, Cancer, Secondary Metabolites, Plants
IMPLEMENTASI PBL-STEAM TERINTEGRASI ETNOSAINS UNTUK MELATIH BERPIKIR KREATIF PADA MATERI ASAM BASA
This research aims to determine the implementation of integrated PBL-STEAM ethno-science to train the creative thinking skills of eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 4 Samarinda on the topic of acids and bases, specifically the theory and indicators of acids and bases. This study employs a Quasi-Experimental design with a Posttest Only Control Design type. The population in this research consists of all eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 4 Samarinda for the academic year 2023/2024. Sampling was conducted using cluster random sampling techniques. The instrument used to measure students' creative thinking is a post-test questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a t-test, which yielded a significance (2-tailed) of 0,017 < 0,050 for both classes, indicating that Ha is accepted, with the statement that there is an implementation of integrated PBL-STEAM ethno-science on students' creative thinking skills regarding the topic of acids and bases, specifically the theory and indicators of acids and bases. Keywords : PBL-STEAM, Ethnoscience, Creative Thinking