Penggunaan Spektrofotometri Inframerah dan Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Terhadap Penentuan Struktur Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jkm.v22i2.1492Keywords:
Analisis spektral, Elusidasi struktur, Metabolit sekunder, Spektroskopi inframerah, Spektroskopi NMRAbstract
Spektroskopi Inframerah (IR) dan Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) adalah dua teknik analisis yang digunakan secara luas dalam penentuan struktur metabolit sekunder. Metabolit sekunder merupakan senyawa organik dalam aplikasi farmasi yang signifikan, namun hanya sebagian kecil yang telah dikarakterisasi secara mendalam. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi prinsip kerja, metode interpretasi data, serta keunggulan dan keterbatasan teknik IR dan NMR dalam karakterisasi struktur metabolit sekunder. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur sistematis dengan menganalisis artikel dalam rentang waktu 2013-2023, meliputi penerapan spektroskopi IR dan NMR secara individual maupun kombinasi keduanya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa IR efektif dalam identifikasi gugus fungsi melalui analisis spektrum serapan inframerah, sedangkan NMR memberikan detail struktur molekul, seperti konektivitas atom dan stereokimia. Kombinasi kedua teknik ini meningkatkan efisiensi dan analisis akurasi dengan memanfaatkan keunggulan masing-masing. Studi kasus pada karakterisasi α-Mangostin menunjukkan keberhasilan penerapan integrasi IR dan NMR dalam menentukan struktur senyawa kompleks. Kesimpulannya, kombinasi IR dan NMR merupakan pendekatan strategi untuk karakterisasi metabolit sekunder, memberikan panduan praktis bagi penelitian lanjutan, serta berpotensi diterapkan dalam pengembangan obat berbasis senyawa bioaktif.
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